What is the purpose of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

The purpose of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is to prevent electric shock by interrupting the circuit. GFCIs are designed to monitor the electrical current flowing in a circuit and can quickly disconnect the power if they detect an imbalance between the incoming and outgoing current. This imbalance often indicates that some of the current is escaping through an unintended path, such as a person who is grounded and in contact with an electrical fault.

By interrupting the circuit almost instantaneously when a ground fault occurs, GFCIs significantly reduce the risk of serious electric shock and electrocution, especially in areas where the risk is higher, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor settings. The main functionality of a GFCI promotes electrical safety, protecting both people and property from the dangers associated with electrical faults.